大數據

Kibana 基礎應用-Elastic Stack 實戰手冊

2021-05-18

作者：郭海亮

查看樣例數據

登錄 Kibana

瀏覽器輸入：http://localhost:5601

地址格式為：http://kibana地址:kibana所使用的端口，均為在 kibana.yml 配置文件中定義的。

導入樣例數據

查看樣例數據

在左上方選擇樣例數據的索引，右上方選擇需要查詢的時間範圍，即可看到我們需要的數據，如下：

默認會展示所有字段，當然，也可以在左側欄選擇需要展示的字段，如下：

這些數據也可以以表或者以JSON形式展示，如下：

將鼠標移動到某個字段上，會出現上下的箭頭，此時便可以根據箭頭進行排序，如下：

查看樣例數據圖表

這是系統內置的一些數據圖表方便我們快速瞭解 Kibana。

開發工具 Dev Tools

Dev Tools 是 Kibana 中最常用的功能，點擊導航欄 -> Management -> 開發工具即可使用。

點擊控制檯 -> 設置，可以看到一些字體、換行等設置。

點擊 Grok Debugger 可以進行一些正則調試，與 Logstash 結合解析日誌。

基礎查詢

更加詳細的查詢語法參考：https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/query-dsl.html

查看集群支持的選項

GET _cat

返回

=^.^=
/_cat/allocation
/_cat/shards
/_cat/shards/{index}
/_cat/master
/_cat/nodes
/_cat/tasks
/_cat/indices
/_cat/indices/{index}
/_cat/segments
/_cat/segments/{index}
/_cat/count
/_cat/count/{index}
/_cat/recovery
/_cat/recovery/{index}
/_cat/health
/_cat/pending_tasks
/_cat/aliases
/_cat/aliases/{alias}
/_cat/thread_pool
/_cat/thread_pool/{thread_pools}
/_cat/plugins
/_cat/fielddata
/_cat/fielddata/{fields}
/_cat/nodeattrs
/_cat/repositories
/_cat/snapshots/{repository}
/_cat/templates
/_cat/ml/anomaly_detectors
/_cat/ml/anomaly_detectors/{job_id}
/_cat/ml/trained_models
/_cat/ml/trained_models/{model_id}
/_cat/ml/datafeeds
/_cat/ml/datafeeds/{datafeed_id}
/_cat/ml/data_frame/analytics
/_cat/ml/data_frame/analytics/{id}
/_cat/transforms
/_cat/transforms/{transform_id}

查看節點信息

GET _cat/nodes?v

返回

ip        heap.percent ram.percent cpu load_1m load_5m load_15m node.role  master name
10.0.0.38           51          99  14    0.12    0.14     0.21 cdhilmrstw -      1619503017001957332
10.0.0.32           47          99   9    0.70    0.28     0.26 cdhilmrstw -      1619503017001957532
10.0.0.41           54          99  14    2.53    1.02     0.66 cdhilmrstw *      1619503017001957432

查看 Master 節點信息

GET _cat/master?v

返回

id                     host      ip        node
V_EuhAkbTS6T80mN3KX0XQ 10.0.0.41 10.0.0.41 1619503017001957432

查看所有節點上的熱點線程

GET _nodes/hot_threads

返回

::: {1619503017001957332}{26XvIqLSRlC2hEJ7-kAPUw}{9ytH1jFvTxWT8XHKILnWGg}{10.0.0.38}{10.0.0.38:9300}{cdhilmrstw}{ml.machine_memory=1959018496, rack=cvm_33_330001, xpack.installed=true, set=330001, transform.node=true, ip=9.27.21.20, temperature=hot, ml.max_open_jobs=20, region=33}
   Hot threads at 2021-05-05T12:44:05.242Z, interval=500ms, busiestThreads=3, ignoreIdleThreads=true:

::: {1619503017001957532}{Chd-cONFTwOTtZ5H-SdnpQ}{UgtOpFLURSa-Otaq5ECJnQ}{10.0.0.32}{10.0.0.32:9300}{cdhilmrstw}{ml.machine_memory=1959018496, rack=cvm_33_330001, xpack.installed=true, set=330001, transform.node=true, ip=9.27.19.91, temperature=hot, ml.max_open_jobs=20, region=33}
   Hot threads at 2021-05-05T12:44:05.266Z, interval=500ms, busiestThreads=3, ignoreIdleThreads=true:

::: {1619503017001957432}{V_EuhAkbTS6T80mN3KX0XQ}{VIcWTj5ERsmG_mY5jZSWtg}{10.0.0.41}{10.0.0.41:9300}{cdhilmrstw}{ml.machine_memory=1959018496, rack=cvm_33_330001, xpack.installed=true, set=330001, transform.node=true, ip=9.27.16.243, temperature=hot, ml.max_open_jobs=20, region=33}
   Hot threads at 2021-05-05T12:44:05.390Z, interval=500ms, busiestThreads=3, ignoreIdleThreads=true:

查看不健康的分片或索引

GET _cluster/allocation/explain?pretty

返回

{
  "error" : {
    "root_cause" : [
      {
        "type" : "illegal_argument_exception",
        "reason" : "unable to find any unassigned shards to explain [ClusterAllocationExplainRequest[useAnyUnassignedShard=true,includeYesDecisions?=false]"
      }
    ],
    "type" : "illegal_argument_exception",
    "reason" : "unable to find any unassigned shards to explain [ClusterAllocationExplainRequest[useAnyUnassignedShard=true,includeYesDecisions?=false]"
  },
  "status" : 400
}

查看線程池設置

GET _nodes/thread_pool/

返回

{
  "_nodes" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "cluster_name" : "es-gcudgkos",
  "nodes" : {
    "Chd-cONFTwOTtZ5H-SdnpQ" : {
      "name" : "1619503017001957532",
      "transport_address" : "10.0.0.32:9300",
      "host" : "10.0.0.32",
      "ip" : "10.0.0.32",
      "version" : "7.10.1",
      "build_flavor" : "default",
      "build_type" : "tar",
      "build_hash" : "27aa98ee709dc860b4bec3994b44ba2e6c8dd73d",
      "roles" : [
        "data",
        "data_cold",
        "data_content",
        "data_hot",
        "data_warm",
        "ingest",
        "master",
        "ml",
        "remote_cluster_client",
        "transform"
      ],
......

查看集群全部信息

GET _cluster/stats?human&pretty

返回

{
  "_nodes" : {
    "total" : 3,
    "successful" : 3,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "cluster_name" : "es-gcudgkos",
  "cluster_uuid" : "UhtpZp9lScapLQIbid4gbw",
  "timestamp" : 1620218697400,
  "status" : "green",
  "indices" : {
    "count" : 29,
    "shards" : {
      "total" : 58,
      "primaries" : 29,
      "replication" : 1.0,
      "index" : {
        "shards" : {
          "min" : 2,
          "max" : 2,
          "avg" : 2.0
        },
        "primaries" : {
          "min" : 1,
          "max" : 1,
          "avg" : 1.0
        },
        "replication" : {
          "min" : 1.0,
          "max" : 1.0,
          "avg" : 1.0
        }
      }
    },
......

查看集群狀態

GET _cluster/health?pretty

返回

{
  "cluster_name" : "es-gcudgkos",
  "status" : "green",
  "timed_out" : false,
  "number_of_nodes" : 3,
  "number_of_data_nodes" : 3,
  "active_primary_shards" : 29,
  "active_shards" : 58,
  "relocating_shards" : 0,
  "initializing_shards" : 0,
  "unassigned_shards" : 0,
  "delayed_unassigned_shards" : 0,
  "number_of_pending_tasks" : 0,
  "number_of_in_flight_fetch" : 0,
  "task_max_waiting_in_queue_millis" : 0,
  "active_shards_percent_as_number" : 100.0
}

獲取所有索引的信息

GET _cat/indices?v&pretty

返回

health status index                             uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
green  open   .monitoring-kibana-7-2021.05.05   6q8JfbKET9WHaIm7cr2psg   1   1      18384            0      8.2mb          3.2mb
green  open   .monitoring-kibana-7-2021.05.04   mZpqpa90R22C3PSvpv_CnA   1   1      34556            0     10.3mb          5.1mb
green  open   .monitoring-kibana-7-2021.04.30   W2FAgGZ5TASJHYnoT5ofvg   1   1      34558            0     10.5mb          5.2mb
green  open   .items-default-000001             Se5hFqb7ThiiNbx8MMNQ3g   1   1          0            0       416b           208b
green  open   .monitoring-kibana-7-2021.05.03   mRH2eYPUTjOTWk0745d0Sw   1   1      34560            0     10.3mb          5.1mb
green  open   .monitoring-kibana-7-2021.05.02   G2_RTwVGRyii0pK9YPzp6w   1   1      34556            0     10.3mb          5.1mb
green  open   .monitoring-kibana-7-2021.05.01   GXj_YZZkSaWezvKDMJBTGA   1   1      34560            0     10.4mb          5.2mb
green  open   .apm-custom-link                  b3aD6BJ_TNOTEeDj6i6oDQ   1   1          0            0       416b           208b
green  open   .kibana_task_manager_1            IwHXIHnOSN6PJNN_kpvWLg   1   1          6         3516      3.5mb        578.2kb
green  open   logs-index_pattern_placeholder    XR4BMRsgQzWgTX8-oXez-A   1   1          0            0       416b           208b
green  open   .monitoring-es-7-2021.04.29       NK-SLq7BSVaDUTmIl8rQcw   1   1      36357            0     46.1mb         20.7mb
green  open   .monitoring-kibana-7-2021.04.29   k7IXameTQIygrqKo6jz31w   1   1      34560            0     10.5mb          5.2mb
green  open   .lists-default-000001             6mx7-p1xSVef1uBunLAGgw   1   1          0            0       416b           208b
green  open   .apm-agent-configuration          XxPQmjjfRQu_Qdl2jwZHxg   1   1          0            0       416b           208b
green  open   .kibana_1                         xXlKVyfsSbSFY2ygRaalRw   1   1        140           61      8.9mb          4.4mb
green  open   .monitoring-es-7-2021.04.30       ULyYh6fTRdOBAUfvyKK2Kw   1   1      38994            0     43.4mb         21.7mb
green  open   .security-7                       2rEeUg0vT8a6cQv18v73LA   1   1         46            0    306.9kb          106kb
green  open   .monitoring-es-7-2021.05.01       RrtO4Wp7Taad93D4awHNJg   1   1      41977            0     46.7mb         23.3mb
green  open   wfe                               1UlifJS6Rsu4O8fVxaElGg   1   1       1085            1     16.5mb          8.2mb
green  open   .kibana-event-log-7.10.1-000001   ny0H9LiiQPuI8AH9zcPkfg   1   1          4            0     23.6kb         11.8kb
green  open   metrics-index_pattern_placeholder GQWH2XCFSq2gbIqGwgL_XA   1   1          0            0       416b           208b
green  open   kibana_sample_data_logs           COoX4096S0az6IzJ6Mo7MA   1   1      14074            0     18.9mb          9.4mb
green  open   .async-search                     NsGrHYxWRK-C0iLvZ7THQQ   1   1          0            0      7.2kb          3.6kb
green  open   .monitoring-es-7-2021.05.03       xnk57_D-SSeqyW6kwpuSgw   1   1      47673            0     53.2mb         26.6mb
green  open   .monitoring-es-7-2021.05.02       Jii6AjJbTOmbBpT-zbM5RA   1   1      44778            0     50.2mb           25mb
green  open   .monitoring-es-7-2021.05.05       YtJgJS-tRSq39a18-oLLyQ   1   1      27816        44548     37.4mb         18.9mb
green  open   .monitoring-es-7-2021.05.04       j3UnA4odSlOLgT3AlAZMAQ   1   1      52027            0     55.8mb         27.8mb

查看集群狀態

  • green：所有功能完好；
  • yellow：數據是可用的，但存在未被分配的副本；
  • red：集群中存在不可用的數據；
GET _cat/health?v

返回

epoch      timestamp cluster     status node.total node.data shards pri relo init unassign pending_tasks max_task_wait_time active_shards_percent
1620218868 12:47:48  es-gcudgkos green           3         3     58  29    0    0        0             0                  -                100.0%

創建索引 test

  • test：索引名；
  • pretty：輸出格式良好的JSON響應；
PUT test?pretty

返回

{
  "acknowledged" : true,
  "shards_acknowledged" : true,
  "index" : "test"
}

查看 test 索引

GET test

返回

{
  "test" : {
    "aliases" : { },
    "mappings" : {
      "dynamic_templates" : [
        {
          "message_full" : {
            "match" : "message_full",
            "mapping" : {
              "fields" : {
                "keyword" : {
                  "ignore_above" : 2048,
                  "type" : "keyword"
                }
              },
              "type" : "text"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "message" : {
            "match" : "message",
            "mapping" : {
              "type" : "text"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "strings" : {
            "match_mapping_type" : "string",
            "mapping" : {
              "type" : "keyword"
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "settings" : {
      "index" : {
        "routing" : {
          "allocation" : {
            "include" : {
              "_tier_preference" : "data_content"
            }
          }
        },
        "refresh_interval" : "10s",
        "number_of_shards" : "1",
        "translog" : {
          "sync_interval" : "5s",
          "durability" : "async"
        },
        "provided_name" : "test",
        "max_result_window" : "65536",
        "creation_date" : "1620218910183",
        "unassigned" : {
          "node_left" : {
            "delayed_timeout" : "5m"
          }
        },
        "number_of_replicas" : "1",
        "uuid" : "Xshcy1IyRemznHzcv3Focw",
        "version" : {
          "created" : "7100199"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

判斷索引 test 是否存在

HEAD test

返回

200 - OK

打開索引 test

POST test/_open

返回

{
  "acknowledged" : true,
  "shards_acknowledged" : true,
  "indices" : {
    "test" : {
      "closed" : true
    }
  }
}

關閉索引 test

POST test/_close

返回

{
  "acknowledged" : true,
  "shards_acknowledged" : false,
  "indices" : { }
}

查看索引 test 狀態

GET test/_stats

返回

{
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 2,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_all" : {
    "primaries" : {
      "docs" : {
        "count" : 0,
        "deleted" : 0
      },
      "store" : {
        "size_in_bytes" : 230,
        "reserved_in_bytes" : 0
      },
      "indexing" : {
        "index_total" : 0,
        "index_time_in_millis" : 0,
        "index_current" : 0,
        "index_failed" : 0,
        "delete_total" : 0,
        "delete_time_in_millis" : 0,
        "delete_current" : 0,
        "noop_update_total" : 0,
        "is_throttled" : false,
        "throttle_time_in_millis" : 0
      },
......

刪除索引 test

  • 根據索引名稱刪除
DELETE test?pretty
  • 可以一次刪除多個索引（以逗號間隔）刪除所有索引 _all 或通配符 *

查看索引模板

GET _template                          #查看所有索引摸板
GET _template/temp*                    #查看以temp開頭的索引模板
GET _template/template_1,template_2    #查看template_1和template_2索引摸板
GET _template/template_name            #查看名稱為template_name的索引摸板

刪除索引模板

DELETE _template/template_name

返回

Grok Debugger 調試

更多模式參考：http://grokdebug.herokuapp.com/patterns

例一

input

[2020-04-03T16:51:35,918] [DEBUG] [o.e.a.a.c.n.i.TransportNodesInfoAction] [data02-131-211] failed to execute on node [08GhVGGgRCqUE3qAdXf04g] org.elasticsearch.transport.NodeNotConnectedException: [master01-34.5][172.16.34.5:9300] Node not connected

pattern

(?<date>\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}T\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2},\d{3})\] \[(?<loglevel>[A-Z \s]{4,5})] \[(?<service>[A-Za-z0-9/.]{4,40})\] \[(?<node>[A-Za-z0-9/-]{4,40})\] (?<msg>.*)

result

{
  "date": [
    [
      "2020-04-03T16:51:35,918"
    ]
  ],
  "loglevel": [
    [
      "DEBUG"
    ]
  ],
  "service": [
    [
      "o.e.a.a.c.n.i.TransportNodesInfoAction"
    ]
  ],
  "node": [
    [
      "data02-131-211"
    ]
  ],
  "msg": [
    [
      "failed to execute on node [08GhVGGgRCqUE3qAdXf04g] org.elasticsearch.transport.NodeNotConnectedException: [master01-34.5][172.16.34.5:9300] Node not connected"
    ]
  ]
}

例二

input

[2020-04-03 09:04:20,446][INFO][Thread-16][c.h.jobhandler.ELKTestJobHandlervds.6665][ELKTestJobHandler.java : 32][elkTestJobHandler: 普通日誌輸出測試]

pattern

(?<date>\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}\s\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2},\d{3})\]\[(?<loglevel>[A-Z]{4,5})\]\[(?<thread>[A-Za-z0-9-/-]{4,40})\]\[(?<class>[A-Za-z0-9/.]{4,40})\]\[(?<msg>.*)

result

{
  "date": [
    [
      "2020-04-03 09:04:20,446"
    ]
  ],
  "loglevel": [
    [
      "INFO"
    ]
  ],
  "thread": [
    [
      "Thread-16"
    ]
  ],
  "class": [
    [
      "c.h.jobhandler.ELKTestJobHandlervds.6665"
    ]
  ],
  "msg": [
    [
      "ELKTestJobHandler.java : 32][elkTestJobHandler: 普通日誌輸出測試]"
    ]
  ]
}

例三

input

2018/05/01 16:16:01.892 - OK - 759.2ms - 172.29.1.7:35184[485388]->172.7.1.39:3306[1525162561129639717]:<DB>:select count(*) from test[];

pattern

(?<date>\d{4}/\d{2}/\d{2}\s(?<datetime>%{TIME}))\s-\s(?<status>\w{2})\s-\s(?<respond_time>\d+)\.\d+\w{2}\s-\s%{IP:client}:(?<client-port>\d+)\[\d+\]->%{IP:server}:(?<server-port>\d+).*:(?<databases><\w+>):(?<SQL>.*)

result

{
  "date": [
    [
      "2018/05/01 16:16:01.892"
    ]
  ],
  "datetime": [
    [
      "16:16:01.892"
    ]
  ],
  "TIME": [
    [
      "16:16:01.892"
    ]
  ],
  "HOUR": [
    [
      "16"
    ]
  ],
  "MINUTE": [
    [
      "16"
    ]
  ],
  "SECOND": [
    [
      "01.892"
    ]
  ],
  "status": [
    [
      "OK"
    ]
  ],
  "respond_time": [
    [
      "759"
    ]
  ],
  "client": [
    [
      "172.29.1.7"
    ]
  ],
  "IPV6": [
    [
      null,
      null
    ]
  ],
  "IPV4": [
    [
      "172.29.1.7",
      "172.7.1.39"
    ]
  ],
  "client-port": [
    [
      "35184"
    ]
  ],
  "server": [
    [
      "172.7.1.39"
    ]
  ],
  "server-port": [
    [
      "3306"
    ]
  ],
  "databases": [
    [
      "<DB>"
    ]
  ],
  "SQL": [
    [
      "select count(*) from test[];"
    ]
  ]
}

作圖

以 Nginx 日誌為例，插入數據，生產環境中可以通過 Beats 收集到 Elasticsearch 再作圖

插入 Nginx 日誌測試數據

在 Kibana 的開發工具中執行

POST nginx-access-logs/_bulk
{"index":{"_id":"1"}}
{"log_time":"2020-06-30T18:05:03+08:00","client_ip":"115.159.116.79","method":"POST","http_code":"200","size":"66","usersip":"119.85.16.64, 115.159.116.79","request_uri":"http://qdweb.zksf.com/xfjr-zfb/PhoneQry.do","req_time":"0.016","user_ua":"Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 12_3_2 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Mobile/15E148 MicroMessenger/7.0.4(0x17000428) NetType/4G Language/zh_CN"}
{"index":{"_id":"2"}}
{"log_time":"2020-06-30T18:05:04+08:00","client_ip":"123.206.205.161","method":"GET","http_code":"200","size":"11133","usersip":"117.136.84.181, 123.206.205.161","request_uri":"http://qdweb.zksf.com/static/wx/dist/htmls/applyCardMoneySuc/mod.js","req_time":"0.000","user_ua":"Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 8.0.0; SM-G9550 Build/R16NW; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/66.0.3359.126 MQQBrowser/6.2 TBS/044704 Mobile Safari/537.36 MMWEBID/1866 MicroMessenger/7.0.4.1420(0x2700043C) Process/tools NetType/4G Language/zh_CN"}
{"index":{"_id":"3"}}
{"log_time":"2020-06-30T18:05:06+08:00","client_ip":"123.206.107.139","method":"POST","http_code":"200","size":"3887","usersip":"117.136.44.137, 123.206.107.139","request_uri":"http://qdweb.zksf.com/xfjr-zfb/custLoanInfoQry.do","req_time":"0.028","user_ua":"Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 8.1.0; PACM00 Build/O11019; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/66.0.3359.126 MQQBrowser/6.2 TBS/044705 Mobile Safari/537.36 MMWEBID/908 MicroMessenger/7.0.4.1420(0x2700043C) Process/tools NetType/4G Language/zh_CN"}
{"index":{"_id":"4"}}
{"log_time":"2020-06-30T18:05:06+08:00","client_ip":"115.159.93.78","method":"POST","http_code":"200","size":"86","usersip":"218.26.54.246, 115.159.93.78","request_uri":"http://qdweb.zksf.com/xfjr-zfb/LoanAntiFraudQry.do","req_time":"0.022","user_ua":"Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 8.1.0; vivo X21A Build/OPM1.171019.011; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/66.0.3359.126 MQQBrowser/6.2 TBS/044705 Mobile Safari/537.36 MicroMessenger/6.7.2.1340(0x260702C5) NetType/4G Language/zh_CN"}
{"index":{"_id":"5"}}
{"log_time":"2020-06-30T18:05:31+08:00","client_ip":"123.206.205.161","method":"POST","http_code":"200","size":"110","usersip":"117.84.191.27, 123.206.205.161","request_uri":"http://qdweb.zksf.com/xfjr-zfb/WeixinForOpenId.do","req_time":"0.154","user_ua":"Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 12_2 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Mobile/15E148 MicroMessenger/7.0.4(0x17000428) NetType/WIFI Language/zh_CN"}
{"index":{"_id":"6"}}
{"log_time":"2020-06-30T18:05:32+08:00","client_ip":"123.206.205.161","method":"GET","http_code":"400","size":"2119","usersip":"117.84.191.27, 123.206.205.161","request_uri":"http://qdweb.zksf.com/static/wx/dist/htmls/applyCardMoney/applyCardMoney.html","req_time":"0.000","user_ua":"Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 12_2 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Mobile/15E148 MicroMessenger/7.0.4(0x17000428) NetType/WIFI Language/zh_CN"}
{"index":{"_id":"7"}}
{"log_time":"2020-06-30T18:05:32+08:00","client_ip":"123.206.205.161","method":"POST","http_code":"302","size":"150","usersip":"117.84.191.27, 123.206.205.161","request_uri":"http://qdweb.zksf.com/xfjr-zfb/LoginStatusQry.do","req_time":"0.014","user_ua":"Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 12_2 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Mobile/15E148 MicroMessenger/7.0.4(0x17000428) NetType/WIFI Language/zh_CN"}
{"index":{"_id":"8"}}
{"log_time":"2020-06-30T18:05:32+08:00","client_ip":"111.231.53.89","method":"POST","http_code":"200","size":"174","usersip":"117.136.67.251, 111.231.53.89","request_uri":"http://qdweb.zksf.com/xfjr-zfb/AntiFraudResultQry.do","req_time":"0.027","user_ua":"Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 8.1.0; vivo Y83A Build/O11019; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/66.0.3359.126 MQQBrowser/6.2 TBS/044705 Mobile Safari/537.36 MMWEBID/2371 MicroMessenger/7.0.4.1420(0x2700043C) Process/tools NetType/4G Language/zh_CN"}
{"index":{"_id":"9"}}
{"log_time":"2020-06-30T18:05:32+08:00","client_ip":"123.206.205.161","method":"GET","http_code":"200","size":"1306","usersip":"117.84.191.27, 123.206.205.161","request_uri":"http://qdweb.zksf.com/static/wx/dist/images/emApprove.png","req_time":"0.000","user_ua":"Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 12_2 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Mobile/15E148 MicroMessenger/7.0.4(0x17000428) NetType/WIFI Language/zh_CN"}
{"index":{"_id":"10"}}
{"log_time":"2020-06-30T18:05:32+08:00","client_ip":"122.152.197.50","method":"POST","http_code":"200","size":"110","usersip":"60.119.37.213, 122.152.197.50","request_uri":"http://qdweb.zksf.com/xfjr-zfb/CheckNotice.do","req_time":"0.015","user_ua":"Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 12_2 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Mobile/15E148 MicroMessenger/7.0.4(0x17000428) NetType/WIFI Language/zh_CN"}

返回

{
  "took" : 612,
  "errors" : false,
  "items" : [
    {
      "index" : {
        "_index" : "nginx-access-logs",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_version" : 1,
        "result" : "created",
        "_shards" : {
          "total" : 2,
          "successful" : 2,
          "failed" : 0
        },
        "_seq_no" : 0,
        "_primary_term" : 1,
        "status" : 201
      }
    },
  
    {
      "index" : {
        "_index" : "nginx-access-logs",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "6",
        "_version" : 1,
        "result" : "created",
        "_shards" : {
          "total" : 2,
          "successful" : 2,
          "failed" : 0
        },
        "_seq_no" : 5,
        "_primary_term" : 1,
        "status" : 201
      }
    },
    {
      "index" : {
        "_index" : "nginx-access-logs",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "7",
        "_version" : 1,
        "result" : "created",
        "_shards" : {
          "total" : 2,
          "successful" : 2,
          "failed" : 0
        },
        "_seq_no" : 6,
        "_primary_term" : 1,
        "status" : 201
      }
    },
    {
      "index" : {
        "_index" : "nginx-access-logs",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "8",
        "_version" : 1,
        "result" : "created",
        "_shards" : {
          "total" : 2,
          "successful" : 2,
          "failed" : 0
        },
        "_seq_no" : 7,
        "_primary_term" : 1,
        "status" : 201
      }
    },
   ......
  ]
}

創建索引

導航 -> Kibana -> Management -> Stack Management -> Index patterns（索引模式）-> Create index patterns（創建索引模式）-> nginx-access-logs -> Next step（下一步） -> log_time -> Create index patterns（創建索引模式）

查看索引字段

根據 Nginx 日誌作圖

狀態碼

導航 -> Kibana -> Visualize -> Create visualization（創建可視化）

Create visualization（創建可視化）

Select a visualization type（選擇可視化類型）-> Pie（餅圖）

Choose a source（選擇數據源）-> nginx-access-logs

Data（數據）-> Metrics（指標）-> Slice size（切片大小）-> Aggregation（聚合）->Count（計數）-> Custom label（定指標籤）-> 狀態碼

Buckets（存儲桶）-> Add（添加）

Split slices（拆分切片）

Aggregation（聚合）-> Terms（詞）-> Field（字段）-> http_code -> Update（更新）

Save（保存）

狀態碼 -> 保存

流量

導航 -> Kibana -> Visualize -> Create visualization（創建可視化）-> Select a visualization type（選擇可視化類型）-> Area（面積圖）-> Choose a source（選擇數據源）-> nginx-access-logs -> Data（數據）-> Y-axis（Y軸）-> Aggregation（聚合）-> Count（計數）-> Custom label（定指標籤）-> 流量 -> Buckets（存儲桶）-> Add（添加）-> X-axis（X軸）-> Aggregation（聚合）-> Date Histogram-> Field（字段）-> log_time -> Minimum interval（最小時間間隔）-> Second（秒）-> Custom label（每秒流量）-> Update（更新）-> Save（保存）-> 網絡流量

客戶端 IP

導航 -> Kibana -> Visualize -> Create visualization（創建可視化）-> Select a visualization type（選擇可視化類型）-> Data Table（數據表）-> Choose a source（選擇數據源）-> nginx-access-logs -> Data（數據）-> Metrics（指標）-> Aggregation（聚合）-> Count（計數）-> Custom label（定指標籤）-> 訪問次數 -> Buckets（存儲桶）-> Add（添加）-> Split rows（拆分行）->Aggregation（聚合）-> Terms（詞）-> Field（字段）-> client_ip -> Custom label（客戶端IP）-> Update（更新）-> Save（保存）-> 客戶端訪問Top

創建 Dashboard

導航 -> Kibana -> Dashboard（儀表盤）

Create dashboard（創建儀表盤）

Add an existing（添加現有）

點擊前面創建的圖表

選擇時間段，由於是假數據，直接選擇 Last 1 year

點擊保存

輸入要保存的名稱 nginx-access-logs 後點擊保存

重新回到儀表盤，然後點擊上面我們保存的 nginx-access-logs 名稱就能看到這個儀表盤了。

Kibana Lens 可視化

導航 -> Kibana -> Visualize -> Create visualization（創建可視化）

Create visualization（創建可視化）

Select a visualization type（選擇可視化類型）-> Lens 可視化

選擇索引 nginx-access-logs -> 選擇時間 Last 1 year

拖動字段http_code到中間

會自動根據此字段生成圖表

可以選擇下方不同的圖表進行展示

也可以在下拉菜單中選擇不同的圖像

圖表也會根據查詢動態變化，比如要查詢 http_code 的值為 200，圖標就會變化為下圖這樣

還可以選擇圖例展示的位置

保存

KQL 查詢

一般查詢

查詢 http_code 的值為 302 的數據

http_code : 302

條件運算符查詢

查詢 http_code 的值是大於等於 400 的數據

http_code > = 400（代碼格式會亂,正確的是> =中間沒有空格）

邏輯運算符查詢

查詢 http_code 的值為大於 200 並且 method 的值是 POST 的數據

http_code > 200 and method : POST

查詢 http_code 的值為大於 200 或者 method 的值是 GET 的數據

http_code > 200 or method : GET

通配符

查詢某個字段的值存在的數據，存在則返回數據，不存在則返回為空

size: *

name: *

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