seata是阿里開源的一款分佈式事務解決方案,致力於提供高性能和簡單易用的分佈式事務服務。Seata 將為用戶提供了 AT、TCC、SAGA 和 XA 事務模式,本文主要介紹AT模式的使用。
seata安裝
下載seata服務,官方地址:https://github.com/seata/seata/releases
在Linux下,下載完成後,直接解壓,通過命令安裝即可:
sh ./bin/seata-server.sh
支持的啟動參數
參數 | 全寫 | 作用 | 備註 |
---|---|---|---|
-h | --host | 指定在註冊中心註冊的 IP | 不指定時獲取當前的 IP,外部訪問部署在雲環境和容器中的 server 建議指定 |
-p | --port | 指定 server 啟動的端口 | 默認為 8091 |
-m | --storeMode | 事務日誌存儲方式 | 支持file和db,默認為 file |
-n | --serverNode | 用於指定seata-server節點ID | ,如 1,2,3..., 默認為 1 |
-e | --seataEnv | 指定 seata-server 運行環境 | 如 dev, test 等, 服務啟動時會使用 registry-dev.conf 這樣的配置 |
如:
sh ./bin/seata-server.sh -p 8091 -h 127.0.0.1 -m file
seata的AT模式介紹
AT模式實質是兩階段提交協議的演變,具體如下:
- 一階段:業務數據和回滾日誌記錄在同一個本地事務中提交,釋放本地鎖和連接資源
- 二階段:
提交異步化,非常快速地完成。
回滾通過一階段的回滾日誌進行反向補償。
業務背景:
用戶調用系統A的store服務,store服務調用系統B的company服務,company服務會新增一條數據,然後把companyId返回系統A,然後系統A通過companyId再新增一條store數據。
一般如果store服務執行失敗了,直接拋異常了,所以company服務也不會執行,
但如果store服務執行成功了,已經寫了一條數據到數據庫,執行company服務時失敗了,就會產生數據不一致的問題。
使用seata的AT模式,主要分為下面幾個步驟:
- 配置seata服務及創建事務表
- 調用方配置(對應上面的store服務)
- 服務提供方配置(對應上面的company服務)
配置seata服務及創建事務表
配置conf/file.conf文件
## transaction log store, only used in server side
store {
## store mode: file、db
mode = "db" //修改為db模式,標識事務信息用db存儲
## file store property
file {
## store location dir
dir = "sessionStore"
# branch session size , if exceeded first try compress lockkey, still exceeded throws exceptions
maxBranchSessionSize = 16384
# globe session size , if exceeded throws exceptions
maxGlobalSessionSize = 512
# file buffer size , if exceeded allocate new buffer
fileWriteBufferCacheSize = 16384
# when recover batch read size
sessionReloadReadSize = 100
# async, sync
flushDiskMode = async
}
## database store property
db {
## the implement of javax.sql.DataSource, such as DruidDataSource(druid)/BasicDataSource(dbcp) etc.
datasource = "druid"
## mysql/oracle/postgresql/h2/oceanbase etc.
dbType = "mysql"
driverClassName = "com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"
url = "jdbc:mysql://192.168.234.1:3306/seata?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&&serverTimezone=UTC" //修改數據庫連接
user = "seata" //修改數據庫賬號
password = "123456" //修改數據庫密碼
minConn = 5
maxConn = 30
globalTable = "global_table"
branchTable = "branch_table"
lockTable = "lock_table"
queryLimit = 100
}
}
## server configuration, only used in server side
service {
#vgroup->rgroup
vgroup_mapping.chuanzh_tx_group = "default" //chuanzh_tx_group為自定義的事務組名稱,要和客戶端配置保持一致
#only support single node
default.grouplist = "192.168.234.128:8091"
#degrade current not support
enableDegrade = false
#disable
disable = false
#unit ms,s,m,h,d represents milliseconds, seconds, minutes, hours, days, default permanent
max.commit.retry.timeout = "-1"
max.rollback.retry.timeout = "-1"
}
上面配置共修改了3個地方:
-
存儲模式改為db模式,需要創建3張事務表,如下:
-- the table to store GlobalSession data CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `global_table` ( `xid` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL, `transaction_id` BIGINT, `status` TINYINT NOT NULL, `application_id` VARCHAR(32), `transaction_service_group` VARCHAR(32), `transaction_name` VARCHAR(128), `timeout` INT, `begin_time` BIGINT, `application_data` VARCHAR(2000), `gmt_create` DATETIME, `gmt_modified` DATETIME, PRIMARY KEY (`xid`), KEY `idx_gmt_modified_status` (`gmt_modified`, `status`), KEY `idx_transaction_id` (`transaction_id`) ) ENGINE = InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8; -- the table to store BranchSession data CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `branch_table` ( `branch_id` BIGINT NOT NULL, `xid` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL, `transaction_id` BIGINT, `resource_group_id` VARCHAR(32), `resource_id` VARCHAR(256), `branch_type` VARCHAR(8), `status` TINYINT, `client_id` VARCHAR(64), `application_data` VARCHAR(2000), `gmt_create` DATETIME(6), `gmt_modified` DATETIME(6), PRIMARY KEY (`branch_id`), KEY `idx_xid` (`xid`) ) ENGINE = InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8; -- the table to store lock data CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `lock_table` ( `row_key` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL, `xid` VARCHAR(96), `transaction_id` BIGINT, `branch_id` BIGINT NOT NULL, `resource_id` VARCHAR(256), `table_name` VARCHAR(32), `pk` VARCHAR(36), `gmt_create` DATETIME, `gmt_modified` DATETIME, PRIMARY KEY (`row_key`), KEY `idx_branch_id` (`branch_id`) ) ENGINE = InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;
- 修改數據庫連接,注意如果你安裝的是MySQL8,則需要修改MySQL8的驅動:driverClassName = "com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver",不然會出現啟動報錯的問題,詳細請參考:seata啟動MySQL報錯 #359。
- 修改事務的組名,你也可以不修改,我這裡使用的是:chuanzh_tx_group
-
創建業務事務表,記錄業務需要回滾的數據,在分佈式事務中,每個參與的業務數據庫都需要添加對應的表
CREATE TABLE `undo_log` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL, `xid` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `context` varchar(128) NOT NULL, `rollback_info` longblob NOT NULL, `log_status` int(11) NOT NULL, `log_created` datetime NOT NULL, `log_modified` datetime NOT NULL, `ext` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`,`branch_id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
配置conf/registry.conf文件
registry {
# file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
type = "eureka" 修改註冊方式,微服務調用使用的是Eureka
nacos {
serverAddr = "localhost"
namespace = ""
cluster = "default"
}
eureka {
serviceUrl = "http://192.168.234.1:8081/eureka" //修改Eureka地址
application = "default"
weight = "1"
}
redis {
serverAddr = "localhost:6379"
db = "0"
}
zk {
cluster = "default"
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
session.timeout = 6000
connect.timeout = 2000
}
consul {
cluster = "default"
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
}
etcd3 {
cluster = "default"
serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
}
sofa {
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:9603"
application = "default"
region = "DEFAULT_ZONE"
datacenter = "DefaultDataCenter"
cluster = "default"
group = "SEATA_GROUP"
addressWaitTime = "3000"
}
file {
name = "file.conf"
}
}
以上修改了使用Eureka方式註冊,並配置了Eureka地址,啟動MySQL、Eureka服務後,就可以啟動seata服務了。
調用方配置(store-server)
maven配置,使用seata-spring-boot-starter,自動配置的方式,不需要再添加file.conf和register.conf文件
<!--druid-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${druid-spring-boot-starter.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--seata-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
<artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.2.0</version>
</dependency>
application.properties配置:
server.port=9090
spring.application.name=store-server
mybatis.type-aliases-package=com.chuanzh.model
mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mapper/*.xml
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=123456
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
#注意這裡的事務組配置要和服務端一致
seata.tx-service-group=chuanzh_tx_group
seata.service.vgroup-mapping.chuanzh_tx_group=default
seata.service.grouplist.default=192.168.234.128:8091
logging.level.io.seata=DEBUG
## eureka
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone= http://localhost:8081/eureka/
數據源配置,因為seata是對數據庫的datasource進行了接管和代理,所以在每個參與分佈式事務的數據源都要進行如下配置:
@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfiguration {
@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
public DataSource druidDataSource(){
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
return druidDataSource;
}
@Primary
@Bean("dataSource")
public DataSourceProxy dataSource(DataSource druidDataSource){
return new DataSourceProxy(druidDataSource);
}
@Bean
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy)throws Exception{
SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSourceProxy);
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver()
.getResources("classpath*:/mapper/*.xml"));
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTransactionFactory(new SpringManagedTransactionFactory());
return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();
}
}
注意配置了數據源後,還需要在啟動類排除dataSource自動配置,不然會出現循環依賴的問題,如下,其它的解決方法,可以參考:集成fescar數據源循環依賴錯誤解決方案
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)
配置請求攔截器,生成一個請求事務ID,用於在微服務中傳遞
@Configuration
public class SeataRequestInterceptor implements RequestInterceptor {
@Override
public void apply(RequestTemplate requestTemplate) {
String xid = RootContext.getXID();
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(xid)) {
//構建請求頭
requestTemplate.header("TX_XID", xid);
}
}
}
服務提供方配置(company-server)
maven、application.properties、數據源配置同調用方配置,區別主要是攔截器的配置,如下:
@Slf4j
@Component
public class SeataHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) {
String xid = RootContext.getXID();
String rpcXid = request.getHeader("TX_XID");
//獲取全局事務編號
if(log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("xid in RootContext {} xid in RpcContext {}", xid, rpcXid);
}
if(xid == null && rpcXid != null) {
//設置全局事務編號
RootContext.bind(rpcXid);
if(log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("bind {} to RootContext", rpcXid);
}
}
return true;
}
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception e) {
String rpcXid = request.getHeader("TX_XID");
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(rpcXid)) {
String unbindXid = RootContext.unbind();
if(log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("unbind {} from RootContext", unbindXid);
}
if(!rpcXid.equalsIgnoreCase(unbindXid)) {
log.warn("xid in change during RPC from {} to {}", rpcXid, unbindXid);
if(unbindXid != null) {
RootContext.bind(unbindXid);
log.warn("bind {} back to RootContext", unbindXid);
}
}
}
}
}
@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfiguration implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Autowired
private SeataHandlerInterceptor seataHandlerInterceptor;
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
//註冊HandlerInterceptor,攔截所有請求
registry.addInterceptor(seataHandlerInterceptor).addPathPatterns(new String[]{"/**"});
}
}
添加全局事務註解
在服務調用方的方法上添加@GlobalTransactional註解,下面模擬了一種場景,如果companyId為偶數,則會拋異常。
@GlobalTransactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public void create(StoreEntity storeEntity) throws Exception {
CompanyEntity companyEntity = new CompanyEntity();
companyEntity.setName(storeEntity.getName());
companyEntity = companyFeign.createCompany(companyEntity);
/**
* 模擬異常
*/
if (companyEntity.getId() % 2 == 0) {
throw new Exception();
}
/** 寫入store數據 */
storeEntity.setCompanyId(companyEntity.getId());
storeMapper.insert(storeEntity);
}
經過測試,companyFeign.createCompany服務調用後會先向數據庫寫一條數據,當create方法執行拋異常,就會事務回滾,刪除掉原先的company數據